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related work wifi done

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toni
2018-03-28 15:37:09 +02:00
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@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ like indoor graphs. Besonders geometric spatial models sind beliebt
\todo{kurz auf voronoi eingehen mit neueren papern und dann auf grid basierte eingehen. schreiben das wir in previous work auch solche benutzt haben, aber das problem ist halt der gigantische speicheraufwand. deshalb haben wir uns für triangle based entscheiden, die erstellung ist einfacher, die verfahren sind aus der spieletheorie bekannt und erfolgreich im einatz. natürlich ist das ganze ein wenig rechenaufwendiger, da nun bla und blub gemacht werden muss, jedoch ist das laufen realisischer und nicht auf 45 grad winkel begrenzt. es wird also eine höhere genaugikeit erwartet, bei stark reduzierten speicher und zugrifssbedarf auf das netz.} \todo{kurz auf voronoi eingehen mit neueren papern und dann auf grid basierte eingehen. schreiben das wir in previous work auch solche benutzt haben, aber das problem ist halt der gigantische speicheraufwand. deshalb haben wir uns für triangle based entscheiden, die erstellung ist einfacher, die verfahren sind aus der spieletheorie bekannt und erfolgreich im einatz. natürlich ist das ganze ein wenig rechenaufwendiger, da nun bla und blub gemacht werden muss, jedoch ist das laufen realisischer und nicht auf 45 grad winkel begrenzt. es wird also eine höhere genaugikeit erwartet, bei stark reduzierten speicher und zugrifssbedarf auf das netz.}
%eval - wifi, fingerprinting
The outcomes of the state evaluation process depend highly on the used sensors. The outcomes of the state evaluation process depend highly on the used sensors.
Most smartphone-based systems are using received signal strength indications (RSSI) given by Wi-Fi or Bluetooth as a source for absolute positioning information. Most smartphone-based systems are using received signal strength indications (RSSI) given by Wi-Fi or Bluetooth as a source for absolute positioning information.
At this, one can mainly differ between fingerprinting and signal-strength prediction model based solutions \cite{Ebner-17}. At this, one can mainly differ between fingerprinting and signal-strength prediction model based solutions \cite{Ebner-17}.
@@ -32,36 +33,24 @@ Based on this pioneering work, many further improvements where made within this
However, despite a very high accuracy up to \SI{1}{\meter}, fingerprinting approaches suffer from tremendous setup- and maintenance times. However, despite a very high accuracy up to \SI{1}{\meter}, fingerprinting approaches suffer from tremendous setup- and maintenance times.
Using robots instead of human workforce might thus be a viable choice, still this seems not to be a valid option for old buildings with limited accessibility due to uneven grounds and small stairs. Using robots instead of human workforce might thus be a viable choice, still this seems not to be a valid option for old buildings with limited accessibility due to uneven grounds and small stairs.
%wifi, signal strength
Signal strength prediction models are a well-established field of research to determine signal strengths for arbitrary locations by using an estimation model instead of real measurements. Signal strength prediction models are a well-established field of research to determine signal strengths for arbitrary locations by using an estimation model instead of real measurements.
While many of them are intended for outdoor and line-of-sight purposes \cite{PredictingRFCoverage, empiricalPathLossModel}, they are often applied to indoor use-cases as well \cite{Ebner-17, farid2013recent}. While many of them are intended for outdoor and line-of-sight purposes \cite{PredictingRFCoverage, empiricalPathLossModel}, they are often applied to indoor use-cases as well \cite{Ebner-17, farid2013recent}.
Besides their solid performance in many different localization solutions, a complex scenario requires a equally complex signal strength prediction model. Besides their solid performance in many different localization solutions, a complex scenario requires a equally complex signal strength prediction model.
As described in section 1, historical buildings represent such a scenario and thus the model has to take many different constraints into account. As described in section 1, historical buildings represent such a scenario and thus the model has to take many different constraints into account.
An example is the wall-attenuation-factor model \cite{}. An example is the wall-attenuation-factor model \cite{PathLossPredictionModelsForIndoor}.
It introduces an additional parameter to the well-known log distance model \cite{}, that considers obstacles between (line-of-sight) the AP and the location in question by attenuating the signal with a constant value. It introduces an additional parameter to the well-known log distance model \cite{IntroductionToRadio}, that considers obstacles between (line-of-sight) the AP and the location in question by attenuating the signal with a constant value.
Depending on the use-case, this value describes the number and type of walls, ceilings, floors etc. between both positions. Depending on the use-case, this value describes the number and type of walls, ceilings, floors etc. between both positions.
For obstacles, this requires an intersection-test of each obstacle with the line-of-sight, which is costly for larger buildings. For obstacles, this requires an intersection-test of each obstacle with the line-of-sight, which is costly for larger buildings.
Thus \cite{Ebner-17} suggests to only consider floors/ceilings, what can be calculated without intersection checks and allows for real-time use-cases running on smartphones. Thus \cite{Ebner-17} suggests to only consider floors/ceilings, what can be calculated without intersection checks and allows for real-time use-cases running on smartphones.
To further improve the ... \cite{} introduces an approach that works without any prior knowledge. %wifi optimization
To further reduce the setup-time, \cite{WithoutThePain} introduces an approach that works without any prior knowledge.
They use a genetic optimization algorithm to estimate the parameters for a signal strength prediction, including the access points (AP) position, and the pedestrian's locations during the walk.
The estimated parameters can be refined using additional walks.
Within this work we present a similar optimization approach for estimating the AP's location.
For real-time use on a smartphone, a (discretized) model pre-computation might thus be necessary . However, instead of taking multiple measuring walks, the locations are optimized based only on some reference measurements, what further decreases the setup-time.
Additionally, our approach extends to the third dimension.
A simple approach
Again, many pre-known parameters like the walls material need to be known
much complexer model is required for a good performance within highly diverse buildings as explained in section 1
needs to know the position of the access point
wir haben ansonsten immer signalstrength basierte systeme genommen, welche aber eine simple line of sight annahme machen, außerdem haben wir nur eine materialkonstante angenommen, was für gebäude mit unterschiedlichen baumaterialen nicht klappen kann da das signal durch bla und blub abgelenkt wird. deshalb wird in dieser arbeit ein kompromiss zwischen beiden verwendet anhand eines optimierungsverfahren. ein vorteil der dabei entsteht, die position der ap's kann uns egal sein. da diese geschätzt werden.
\todo{gibt es dazu related work?}
Besides well chosen probabilistic models, the system's performance is also highly affected by handling problems which are .. based on the nature of particle filters. One very affecting problem is the before mentioned sample impoverishment. In blabal \cite{} this problems was tackled by and. In \cite{} we deployed a ... . However, deploying a IMMPF is in most cased not a necassary step, thus we present i much simple, but also very heuristic model within this paper. Besides well chosen probabilistic models, the system's performance is also highly affected by handling problems which are .. based on the nature of particle filters. One very affecting problem is the before mentioned sample impoverishment. In blabal \cite{} this problems was tackled by and. In \cite{} we deployed a ... . However, deploying a IMMPF is in most cased not a necassary step, thus we present i much simple, but also very heuristic model within this paper.