174 lines
5.3 KiB
TeX
174 lines
5.3 KiB
TeX
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\documentclass[conference]{IEEEtran}
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\usepackage{cite}
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% \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
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% \graphicspath{{../pdf/}{../jpeg/}}
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% \DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.jpeg,.png}
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\usepackage{amsmath}
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%\usepackage{array}
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% \usepackage[caption=false,font=footnotesize]{subfig}
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%\usepackage{url}
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% correct bad hyphenation here
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\hyphenation{op-tical net-works semi-conduc-tor}
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\newcommand{\dop} [1]{\ensuremath{ \mathop{\mathrm{d}#1} }}
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\newcommand{\R} {\ensuremath{ \mathbf{R} }}
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\newcommand{\expp} [1]{\ensuremath{ \exp \left( #1 \right) }}
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\newcommand{\qq} [1]{``#1''}
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\begin{document}
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%
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% paper title
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% Titles are generally capitalized except for words such as a, an, and, as,
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% at, but, by, for, in, nor, of, on, or, the, to and up, which are usually
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% not capitalized unless they are the first or last word of the title.
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% Linebreaks \\ can be used within to get better formatting as desired.
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% Do not put math or special symbols in the title.
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\title{Bare Demo of IEEEtran.cls\\ for IEEE Conferences}
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% author names and affiliations
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% use a multiple column layout for up to three different
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% affiliations
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\author{
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\IEEEauthorblockN{Markus Bullmann, Toni Fetzer, Frank Ebner, and Frank Deinzer}%
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\IEEEauthorblockA{%
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Faculty of Computer Science and Business Information Systems\\
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University of Applied Sciences W\"urzburg-Schweinfurt\\
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W\"urzburg, Germany\\
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\{markus.bullmann, toni.fetzer, frank.ebner, frank.deinzer\}@fhws.de\\
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}
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}
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\maketitle
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\begin{abstract}
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The abstract goes here.
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\end{abstract}
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% no keywords
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% For peer review papers, you can put extra information on the cover
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% page as needed:
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% \ifCLASSOPTIONpeerreview
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% \begin{center} \bfseries EDICS Category: 3-BBND \end{center}
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% \fi
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%
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% For peerreview papers, this IEEEtran command inserts a page break and
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% creates the second title. It will be ignored for other modes.
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\IEEEpeerreviewmaketitle
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\section{Introduction}
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% KDE wellknown nonparametic estimation method
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% Flexibility is paid with slow speed
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% Finding optimal bandwidth
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% Expensive computation
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\section{Related work}
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% original work rosenblatt/parzen
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% binned version silverman, scott, härdle
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% -> Fourier transfom
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% other approaches Fast Gaussian Transform
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\section{Kernel Density Estimation}
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% KDE by rosenblatt and parzen
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% general KDE
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% Gauss Kernel
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% Formula Gauss KDE
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% -> complexity/operation count
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% Binned KDE
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% Binned Gauss KDE
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% -> complexity/operation count
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The histogram is a simple and for a long time the most used non-parametric estimator.
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However, its inability to produce a continuous estimate dismisses it for many applications where a smooth distribution is assumed.
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In contrast, the KDE is often the preferred tool because of its ability to produce a continuous estimate and its flexibility.
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Given $n$ independently observed realizations of the observation set $X=(x_1,\dots,x_n)$, the kernel density estimate $\hat{f}_n$ of the density function $f$ of the underlying distribution is given with
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\begin{equation}
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\label{eq:kde}
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\hat{f}_n = \frac{1}{nh} \sum_{i=1}^{n} K \left( \frac{x-X_i}{h} \right) \text{,} %= \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} K_h(x-x_i)
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\end{equation}
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where $K$ is the kernel function and $h\in\R^+$ is an arbitrary smoothing parameter called bandwidth.
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While any density function can be used as the kernel function $K$ (such that $\int K(u) \dop{u} = 1$), a variety of popular choices of the kernel function $K$ exits.
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In practice the Gaussian kernel is commonly used:
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\begin{equation}
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K(u)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}} \expp{- \frac{u^2}{2} }
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\end{equation}
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\begin{equation}
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\hat{f}_n = \frac{1}{nh\sqrt{2\pi}} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \expp{-\frac{(x-X_i)^2}{2h^2}}
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\end{equation}
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\section{Moving Average Filter}
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% Basic box filter formula
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% Recursive form
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% Gauss Blur Filter
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% Repetitive Box filter to approx Gauss
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% Simple multipass, n/m approach, extended box filter
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The moving average filter is a simplistic filter which takes an input function $x$ and produces a second function $y$.
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A single output value is computed by taking the average of a number of values symmetrical around a single point in the input.
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The number of values in the average can also be seen as the width $w=2r+1$, where $r$ is the \qq{radius} of the filter.
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The computation of an output value using a moving average filter of radius $r$ is defined as
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\begin{equation}
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\label{eq:symMovAvg}
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y[i]=\frac{1}{2r+1} \sum_{j=-r}^{r}x[i+j] \text{.}
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\end{equation}
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It is well-known that a moving average filter can approximate a Gaussian filter by repetitive recursive computations.
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As is known the Gaussian filter is parametrized by its standard deviation $\sigma$.
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To approximate a Gaussian filter one needs to express a given $\sigma$ in terms of moving average filters.
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\section{Combination}
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\section{Experiments}
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\section{Conclusion}
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The conclusion goes here.
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% use section* for acknowledgment
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%\section*{Acknowledgment}
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%The authors would like to thank...
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% trigger a \newpage just before the given reference
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% number - used to balance the columns on the last page
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% adjust value as needed - may need to be readjusted if
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% the document is modified later
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%\IEEEtriggeratref{8}
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% The "triggered" command can be changed if desired:
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%\IEEEtriggercmd{\enlargethispage{-5in}}
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% references section
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\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}
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\bibliography{IEEEabrv,egbib}
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\end{document}
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