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toni
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This is the abstract stract stract

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\section{Conclusion}
The conclusion goes here.

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\section{Experiments}

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\section{Introduction}
\cite{Deinzer01-CIV}
% KDE wellknown nonparametic estimation method
% Flexibility is paid with slow speed
% Finding optimal bandwidth
% Expensive computation

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\section{Binned Kernel Density Estimation}
% KDE by rosenblatt and parzen
% general KDE
% Gauss Kernel
% Formula Gauss KDE
% -> complexity/operation count
% Binned KDE
% Binned Gauss KDE
% -> complexity/operation count
The histogram is a simple and for a long time the most used non-parametric estimator.
However, its inability to produce a continuous estimate dismisses it for many applications where a smooth distribution is assumed.
In contrast, the KDE is often the preferred tool because of its ability to produce a continuous estimate and its flexibility.
Given $n$ independently observed realizations of the observation set $X=(x_1,\dots,x_n)$, the kernel density estimate $\hat{f}_n$ of the density function $f$ of the underlying distribution is given with
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:kde}
\hat{f}_n = \frac{1}{nh} \sum_{i=1}^{n} K \left( \frac{x-X_i}{h} \right) \text{,} %= \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} K_h(x-x_i)
\end{equation}
where $K$ is the kernel function and $h\in\R^+$ is an arbitrary smoothing parameter called bandwidth.
While any density function can be used as the kernel function $K$ (such that $\int K(u) \dop{u} = 1$), a variety of popular choices of the kernel function $K$ exits.
In practice the Gaussian kernel is commonly used:
\begin{equation}
K(u)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}} \expp{- \frac{u^2}{2} }
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\hat{f}_n = \frac{1}{nh\sqrt{2\pi}} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \expp{-\frac{(x-X_i)^2}{2h^2}}
\end{equation}

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\section{Moving Average Filter}
% Basic box filter formula
% Recursive form
% Gauss Blur Filter
% Repetitive Box filter to approx Gauss
% Simple multipass, n/m approach, extended box filter
The moving average filter is a simplistic filter which takes an input function $x$ and produces a second function $y$.
A single output value is computed by taking the average of a number of values symmetrical around a single point in the input.
The number of values in the average can also be seen as the width $w=2r+1$, where $r$ is the \qq{radius} of the filter.
The computation of an output value using a moving average filter of radius $r$ is defined as
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:symMovAvg}
y[i]=\frac{1}{2r+1} \sum_{j=-r}^{r}x[i+j] \text{.}
\end{equation}
It is well-known that a moving average filter can approximate a Gaussian filter by repetitive recursive computations.
As is known the Gaussian filter is parametrized by its standard deviation $\sigma$.
To approximate a Gaussian filter one needs to express a given $\sigma$ in terms of moving average filters.

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\section{Related work}
% original work rosenblatt/parzen
% binned version silverman, scott, härdle
% -> Fourier transfom
% other approaches Fast Gaussian Transform

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\section{Usage}
%wie benutzen wir das ganze jetzt? auf was muss ich achten?