added missing legend to gfx
fixed some typos and refactored some sentences
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ They differ mainly by the used sensors, their probabilistic models and how envir
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For example \cite{Li2015} recently presented an approach combining methods of pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR), \docWIFI{}
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fingerprinting and magnetic matching using a Kalman filter. While providing good results, fingerprinting methods
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require an extensive offline calibration phase. Therefore, many other systems like \cite{Fang09} or \cite{Ebner-15}
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are using signal strength prediction models like the log-distance model or wall-attenuation-factor model.
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use signal strength prediction models like the log-distance model or wall-attenuation-factor model.
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Additionally, the sensors noise is not always Gaussian or satisfies the central limit theorem, what makes the
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usage of Kalman filters problematic \cite{sarkka2013bayesian, Nurminen2014}.
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All this shows, that sensor models differ in many ways and are a subject in itself.
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@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Here, two main classes can be distinguished: symbolic and geometric spatial mode
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Especially geometric spatial models (coordinate-based approaches) are very popular, since they integrate metric properties to provide highly accurate location and distance information.
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One of the most common environmental representations in indoor localization literature is the Voronoi diagram \cite{Liao2003}.
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It represents the topological skeleton of the building's floorplan as an irregular tessellation of space.
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This drastically removes degrees of freedom from the map, what results in a low complexity.
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This drastically removes degrees of freedom from the map, and results in a low complexity.
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In the work of \cite{Nurminen2014} a Voronoi diagram is used to approximate the human movement.
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It is assumed that the pedestrian can be anywhere on the topological links.
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@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ or the behaviour of a pedestrian at this particular position (e.g. jumping or ru
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A similar approach is presented in \cite{Li2010}, \cite{Ebner-15} and is also used within this work.
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By assuming that the floorplan is given beforehand, the occupied cells can be removed.
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The remaining cells are described by its centre and represent all free spaces in the indoor environment.
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The remaining cells are described by their centre/bounding-box and represent all free spaces in the indoor environment.
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A graph is defined by using the centres as nodes and connecting direct neighbours with edges.
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In order to enable floor changes, some approaches suggest to simply connect the nodes at staircases \cite{Ebner-15, Hilsenbeck2014}.
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@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ For example, \cite{Bandi2000} uses an A* algorithm to search a 3D gridded enviro
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An additional smoothing procedure is performed to make the path more natural.
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They are considering foot span, body dimensions and obstacle dimensions when determining whether an obstacle is surmountable.
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However, many of this information is difficult to ascertain in real-time or imply additional effort in real-world environments.
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Therefore, more realistic simulation models, mainly for evacuation simulation, are just using a simple shortest path on regular
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Therefore, more realistic simulation models, mainly for evacuation simulation, are just using a simple shortest path on regularly
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tessellated graphs \cite{Sun2011, tan2014agent}. A more costly, yet promising approach is shown by \cite{Brogan2003}. They use a
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data set of previous recorded walks to create a model of realistic human walking paths.
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data set of previously recorded walks to create a model of realistic human walking paths.
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Finally, it seems that currently none of the localisation system approaches are using realistic walking paths as additional
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source of information to provide a more targeted and robust movement. Most common systems are sampling a new state only in
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